A Poetry Analysis on
Robert Burns: To a Mouse, On Turning Her up in Her Nest with the
Plough, November, 1785
By Shahira Kader
Robert Burns is a self-educated, well celebrated Scottish
poet who inspired the early Romantic movements though his theory of
Primitivism. He used his natural flow of nature feelings in his works to
highlight his ideology on Primitivism. His poems were mostly written in Scots
dialect of English in support of his ideology to the theory. He felt it was
rather natural to be original than to temporarily pretend to be someone he wasn’t
although he has also written some work in English, the true passion of nature
and primitivism are seen on his Scots dialect poetry.
Robert Burns was known to be a peasant poet as his works
spoke mostly on the beauty of preserving nature. He often concluded that nature
remains unshaken even if humans tried to taint it. The best peace and love
could only be gotten from nature and never from anything else.
Robert is also a national poet of Scotland as his works
are still highly regarded. His works are always appreciated as even today the New
Year eve song, sung is a poem by Burns.
Being primitivists, his works goes back to the origin of
nature. Primitivism emulates or aspires to recreate “primitive” idea. Burns
work refers back to non-Western works such as folklore and oral tradition
passed on for centuries.
Primitivism inspired theories such as Romanticism to Neo
Classism and finally Realism. It truly was against the idea of Renaissance as
because they do not wish to escape into a man-made glory instead it prefers to
reveal the solid truth behind every creation. The ultimate truth of natural
growth such as thoughts, physical attributes and behavioral changes shows the
reality of nature. The theory of Primitivism could be clearly seen in Robert
Burns’ poetry “To a Mouse”.
The poetry is written in typical Scottish English that
speaks of man versus nature. Burns speaks about the feelings of nature towards
modernization as he believes that man has forgotten their origin which creates
fear for other natural things around them. This is seen in the poem as he apologizes
to the mouse by saying;
“I’m truly sorry Man’s dominion
Has broken Nature’s social union,” (pg
105:7-8)
He compares his
situation to the mouse and says that the mouse is suffering only on present time
while his suffering seems continuous towards the future. This was mention in
the last stanza when the poet says;
“Still, thou art blest, compar’d wi’ me!
The
present only toucheth thee:
But
Och! I backward cast my e’e,
On prospects drear!
An’
forward tho’ I canna see,
I guess an’ fear!
(pg:106:line 43-48)
In this stanza, he also
refers to the industrial revolution and how agrarian life has destroyed as
peasants are left with nothing, “Thou saw the fields laid barean’waste,” ( line
25)
Everything seems hopeless when destructions take place as
the poet could foresee the annihilation that could take place with the introduction
of Industrial Revolution. He assures the mouse to not be in fear for there will
be a joy that awaits them. This could possibly refer to the peasants because he
says,
“An’ lea’e us nought but grief an’
pain,
For
promis’d joy” (line 40-41)
He probably refers to
the hope of restoration in future by looking at the mouse not at all worried as
he is. His concern about the future deprives him to think of the present. While,
the mouse seems to live his life at present having fear for the only present
time issue rather than to worry about the future that he has no control of.
Robert Burns is ahead of his time to realize the natural
life of human would soon be tainted with modernization. He had realized that
the natural life of human is always going back to nature. A discovery from this
poem seems to be that readers should be enlightened to live life naturally and
accept things to take place at its own time. This is because nature has always
better plans for you than for you to worry about the unpredictable future that
you cannot change.
In my point of view, Robert Burns is a genius of all time
to believe in an ideology that seems natural and true. He admits that man can
never be satisfied because Burns himself has succumbed to the “future” unlike
the mouse that represents “nature”. I think that no matter how much a person
moves ahead with modernization, nature always triumph because nature makes the
sole decision to let modernization take place.
23 Nov 2019
8.43 P.M